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The M21 Sniper Weapon System (SWS) in the US Army is a national match grade M14 rifle , selected for accuracy, and renamed the M21 rifle. The M21 uses a commercially procured 3–9× variable power telescopic sight, modified for use with the sniper rifle. It is chambered for the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge.

With the adoption of the M14 service rifle, no provision was made for an M14 sniper rifle and the designation of a sniper in the rifle squad was discontinued. The conflict in Vietnam revived the need for snipers. The Rock Island Arsenal converted 1,435 National Match (target grade) M14s by adding a 3-9x Redfield Adjustable Ranging Telescope (ART) and provided National Match grade (7.62 Lake City Long Range XM-118) ammunition. The ART scope, designed by 2nd Lieutenant James Leatherwood (U.S. Army), combined rangefinding and bullet drop compensation. During the Vietnam War, U.S. Marines snipers were issued bolt-action hunting rifles, U.S. Army snipers were issued XM21 rifles.

This version, designated as the XM21, had a specially selected walnut stock and was first fielded in the second half of 1969. An improved version with a fiberglass stock was designated the M21 in 1972. The M21 remained the Army's primary sniper rifle until 1988, when it was replaced by the M24 Sniper Weapon System; some M21s were later re-issued and used in the Iraq War.

Source: Wikipedia

Description

The M21 Sniper Weapon System (SWS) in the US Army is a national match grade M14 rifle , selected for accuracy, and renamed the M21 rifle. The M21 uses a commercially procured 3–9× variable power telescopic sight, modified for use with the sniper rifle. It is chambered for the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge.

With the adoption of the M14 service rifle, no provision was made for an M14 sniper rifle and the designation of a sniper in the rifle squad was discontinued. The conflict in Vietnam revived the need for snipers. The Rock Island Arsenal converted 1,435 National Match (target grade) M14s by adding a 3-9x Redfield Adjustable Ranging Telescope (ART) and provided National Match grade (7.62 Lake City Long Range XM-118) ammunition. The ART scope, designed by 2nd Lieutenant James Leatherwood (U.S. Army), combined rangefinding and bullet drop compensation. During the Vietnam War, U.S. Marines snipers were issued bolt-action hunting rifles, U.S. Army snipers were issued XM21 rifles.

This version, designated as the XM21, had a specially selected walnut stock and was first fielded in the second half of 1969. An improved version with a fiberglass stock was designated the M21 in 1972. The M21 remained the Army's primary sniper rifle until 1988, when it was replaced by the M24 Sniper Weapon System; some M21s were later re-issued and used in the Iraq War.

Source: Wikipedia