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***Information on the ta'ifa rulers is fragmentary and contradictory. Some reigns are certain only using years on the Islamic calendar [AH meaning "after the hijra", referring to Prophet Muhammad's historic pilgrimage from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE].***

Family trees of various ta'ifa petty kingdoms within Al-Andalus during a transition between the Caliphate of Cordoba and the Almoravid Empire .

The most powerful of the Arab ta'ifas was Seville, whose qadi rebelled against Cordoba. Upon the fall of the Caliphate in 1031, one of the courtiers installed himself as Custodian to fill the city's leadership void. Though Ab'ul Hazm formed a republican government, hereditary succession was still practiced before Cordoba was conquered by Seville.

Badajoz , in southern Portugal and southwestern Spain, was the most prominent of the Old Berber ta'ifas, first ruled by a former slave of Al-Hakam II. Sabur passed the emirate to his vizier, Abdallah ibn al-Aftas (regnal name Al-Mansur I), while Sabur's sons fled to Lisbon, forming the short-lived ta'ifa of Lisbon . Other former slaves formed kingdoms in eastern Spain, but unlike Sabur, most of them were eunuchs. *A very important detail Game of Thrones showrunners or the series finale writer forgot (but that's the least of what was wrong with that Great Council scene )* A number of these Saqaliba Ta'ifas were either incorporated into one of the neighboring kingdoms, or into the Arab ta'ifa of Zaragoza to the north.

Granada , established by Berber soldiers who aided in the sack of Cordoba (hence known as a New Berber ta'ifa), became a Jewish state in all but name, while the Muslim leader was a powerless figurehead, a societal anomaly in any Islamic state.

A number of ta'ifa kingdoms actually invited the Almoravids of northern Africa to restore unity to the Iberian peninsula. While the Almoravids did reconquer much of the former caliphate, they could not recoup any of the losses to the northern Christian kingdoms.

Description
***Information on the ta'ifa rulers is fragmentary and contradictory. Some reigns are certain only using years on the Islamic calendar [AH meaning "after the hijra", referring to Prophet Muhammad's historic pilgrimage from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE].***

Family trees of various ta'ifa petty kingdoms within Al-Andalus during a transition between the Caliphate of Cordoba and the Almoravid Empire .

The most powerful of the Arab ta'ifas was Seville, whose qadi rebelled against Cordoba. Upon the fall of the Caliphate in 1031, one of the courtiers installed himself as Custodian to fill the city's leadership void. Though Ab'ul Hazm formed a republican government, hereditary succession was still practiced before Cordoba was conquered by Seville.

Badajoz , in southern Portugal and southwestern Spain, was the most prominent of the Old Berber ta'ifas, first ruled by a former slave of Al-Hakam II. Sabur passed the emirate to his vizier, Abdallah ibn al-Aftas (regnal name Al-Mansur I), while Sabur's sons fled to Lisbon, forming the short-lived ta'ifa of Lisbon . Other former slaves formed kingdoms in eastern Spain, but unlike Sabur, most of them were eunuchs. *A very important detail Game of Thrones showrunners or the series finale writer forgot (but that's the least of what was wrong with that Great Council scene )* A number of these Saqaliba Ta'ifas were either incorporated into one of the neighboring kingdoms, or into the Arab ta'ifa of Zaragoza to the north.

Granada , established by Berber soldiers who aided in the sack of Cordoba (hence known as a New Berber ta'ifa), became a Jewish state in all but name, while the Muslim leader was a powerless figurehead, a societal anomaly in any Islamic state.

A number of ta'ifa kingdoms actually invited the Almoravids of northern Africa to restore unity to the Iberian peninsula. While the Almoravids did reconquer much of the former caliphate, they could not recoup any of the losses to the northern Christian kingdoms.