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Description
Anne Boleyn, 1st Marquess of Pembroke (* 1501 or 1507, probably in Blickling Hall (Norfolk), † May 19, 1536 in London) was the second of the six wives of Henry VIII

and from 1533 to 1536 Queen of England.

Her refusal to surrender to the king as a mistress led to her divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was one of the catalyst for the emergence of the Anglican Church

through the separation of the Church of England from Rome. However, like Catherine, she did not give Henry VIII the hoped-for male heir.

Anne Boleyn fell out of favour and was beheaded for alleged adultery and high treason on 19 May 1536. However,

her daughter Elizabeth I later became one of England's most important and longest reigning queens.

Anne's cousin Catherine Howard was beheaded four years after her death Henry's fifth wife and 1542 for adultery.

Historical meaning

Since the Pope did not want to grant him a cancellation of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, Henry VIII turned away from the Roman Catholic Church,

by splitting the Anglican Church with him as head to allow a marriage with Anne Boleyn.

The divorce of the King of Catherine of Aragón - against the papal dispensation and against the verdict of the Pope - represent the beginning of the English Reformation,

the secession of the Anglican Church and the end of the exclusive influence of the Pope on royal marriages and divorces within the Anglican national church,

which existed since the 6th century. Henry later became the head of the English Church, which alone could decide on religious matters.

Therefore, the marriage with Anne Boleyn represents not only a secession from a religious point of view, but also a secession of England from the Roman Catholic Church.

Anne was later celebrated as the martyr of English Protestants. Anne Boleyn is the most famous of the six wives of King Henry VIII of England. Her ascent to the king's favourite

and finally to the English queen was as fast as her demise. It is described by today's historians because of their ambition and power will tend to be quite negative.

To this day, due to the ambivalent historical and recent portrayal, she is one of the most controversial and fascinating women on the side of Henry VIII.

Anne falls out of favour

With the second miscarriage, the relationship between Henry and Anne deteriorated. She had disappointed the king's hopes for the second time and was surrounded at court by people

who waited for every sign that the king's interest in Anne would diminish. Even the royal ambassadors from France courted Mary and Anne,

referring Mary as an unofficial princess, visiting first and duping Queen Anne with it.

With Jane Seymour, Heinrich had already envisaged the next marriage candidate at this time. Ironically, Anne's greatest protection was that Catherine of Aragón was still alive,

for Heinrich feared that if he annulled the marriage with Anne, the marriage with Catherine would automatically be valid again.

Therefore, the death of Catherine of Aragon in January 1536 sealed Anne's fate. Anne's miscarriage occurred several days before Catherine's death.

The king felt betrayed by Annes stillbirths of her and fell into self-pity. As with Catherine, he tried to persuade himself that he had been bewitched by Anne.

This is also the reason why God denied him a son. Henry tried to find arguments against Anne, who would normally have led him back to his wife Catherine (if she had lived on).

The English court responded quickly to the waning interest in Anne and the rising star of Jane Seymour.

The exact reasons for an intrigue against Anne at court can today no longer be exactly understood and verified.

Therefore, some historians suspect that the ambitious brothers of Jane Seymour together with Thomas Cromwell have been planning for a long time the deposition

and accusation of Anne and deliberately sprinkle rumours and suspicions against Anne, she has long been having affairs with other men, including her own Brother belong.

On May 1, 1536 Anne accompanied the king to a tournament in Greenwich. In the interval between the battles, the king received an urgent message whose contents are still unknown.

Then Heinrich left the tournament. Anne never saw her husband again. A day later, she was arrested in Greenwich and brought before a commission chaired by her uncle - the Duke of Norfolk.

Trial and execution

After the death of Catherine of Aragón, the marriage to Jane Seymour was only in the way of Anne. Since Heinrich was bound to a valid marriage with Anne by the Suprematsakte

adopted by the English parliament, another way had to be found to separate Anne from him. Had Henry openly opposed the Supreme Council Act and annulled his marriage,

his reputation throughout Europe would have been jeopardized. Therefore, for him to be separated from Anne, he had only one way: an indictment on which death stood,

and a process that would surely end with the death sentence.

Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, uncle of Anne Boleyn (painting by Hans Holbein)

Anne Boleyn was accused on 2 May 1536 of multiple adultery, incestuous relations with her brother and the plan to kill the king.

Although these allegations remained unproven, she was sentenced to death for treason.

On May 6, 1536 Anne wrote a letter to Henry

"Sire, the displeasure of your graces and my imprisonment are so strange to me that I do not know what to write and what to apologize for.

No prince has ever had a more faithful wife in all duty and affection than you have found in Anne Boleyn. Let me interrogate, good king, but give me a fair trial,

and do not let my sworn enemies sit in court as my prosecutors and judges. Yes, give me a public trial because my truth will have no public disgrace to fear.

Then you will either cleanse my innocence, satisfy your suspicions and your conscience, silence the malice and slander of the world, or publicly declare my guilt,

so that whatever God and you may decide about me, your graces of public criticism will be exempted, and if my guilt is then proven by law,

your grace will be free both before God and before men, not only to execute legal punishment on me as an unfaithful wife, but also to obey your affection,

which is already established; for the sake of which I am where I am now. My last and only request is that I alone should bear the weight of Your Grace's displeasure,

and that it may not strike the innocent souls of the poor noblemen, which,

I understand, are also in strict custody for my sake out of my grief-stricken prison Tower on May 6, 1536, your all-loyal and ever devoted wife Anne Boleyn. "

Henry let executed on May 19, 1536 to execute his wife Jean Rombaud from Saint-Omer (Calais region), who was known for his abilities with the beheading with the sword.

A group of officers had gathered in the Tower to attend the execution.

On the scaffold, the doomed held a short speech.

Good Christian people, I am come hither to die,
for according to the law, and by the law I am judged to die,
and therefore I will speak nothing against it.
I am come hither to accuse no man,
nor to speak anything of that,
whereof I am accused and condemned to die,
but I pray God save the king
and send him long to reign over you,
for a gentler nor a more merciful prince was there never:
and to me he was ever a good, a gentle and sovereign lord.
And if any person will meddle of my cause,
I require them to judge the best.
And thus I take my leave of the world and of you all,
and I heartily desire you all to pray for me.
O Lord have mercy on me, to God I commend my soul.
To Jesus Christ I commend my soul; Lord Jesus receive my soul!

She did not confess her guilt, but she also avoided attacking the king. Anne Boleyn was executed kneeling, blindfolded and head held high.

Eleven days after Anne's death, on May 30, 1536, Heinrich married his third wife, Jane Seymour.

Memorial at the execution site on the Tower Green.

At the execution site in the Tower of London is a commemorative plaque.

Her body was buried without a commemorative plaque under the nave of the chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula Tower. In 1876,

the mortal remains of the people lying there were transferred to the crypt of the chapel.

Children with Henry VIII

Marriage on January 25, 1533, the marriage was annulled in 1536

Elizabeth I (born September 7, 1533, † March 24, 1603) later Queen of England

Henry (* / † 1534); Historians are unsure whether this child was born dead or died shortly after birth. The birth itself and the sex of the child are not proven.

Edward (* / † January 29, 1536)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
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Description
Anne Boleyn, 1st Marquess of Pembroke (* 1501 or 1507, probably in Blickling Hall (Norfolk), † May 19, 1536 in London) was the second of the six wives of Henry VIII

and from 1533 to 1536 Queen of England.

Her refusal to surrender to the king as a mistress led to her divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was one of the catalyst for the emergence of the Anglican Church

through the separation of the Church of England from Rome. However, like Catherine, she did not give Henry VIII the hoped-for male heir.

Anne Boleyn fell out of favour and was beheaded for alleged adultery and high treason on 19 May 1536. However,

her daughter Elizabeth I later became one of England's most important and longest reigning queens.

Anne's cousin Catherine Howard was beheaded four years after her death Henry's fifth wife and 1542 for adultery.

Historical meaning

Since the Pope did not want to grant him a cancellation of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, Henry VIII turned away from the Roman Catholic Church,

by splitting the Anglican Church with him as head to allow a marriage with Anne Boleyn.

The divorce of the King of Catherine of Aragón - against the papal dispensation and against the verdict of the Pope - represent the beginning of the English Reformation,

the secession of the Anglican Church and the end of the exclusive influence of the Pope on royal marriages and divorces within the Anglican national church,

which existed since the 6th century. Henry later became the head of the English Church, which alone could decide on religious matters.

Therefore, the marriage with Anne Boleyn represents not only a secession from a religious point of view, but also a secession of England from the Roman Catholic Church.

Anne was later celebrated as the martyr of English Protestants. Anne Boleyn is the most famous of the six wives of King Henry VIII of England. Her ascent to the king's favourite

and finally to the English queen was as fast as her demise. It is described by today's historians because of their ambition and power will tend to be quite negative.

To this day, due to the ambivalent historical and recent portrayal, she is one of the most controversial and fascinating women on the side of Henry VIII.

Anne falls out of favour

With the second miscarriage, the relationship between Henry and Anne deteriorated. She had disappointed the king's hopes for the second time and was surrounded at court by people

who waited for every sign that the king's interest in Anne would diminish. Even the royal ambassadors from France courted Mary and Anne,

referring Mary as an unofficial princess, visiting first and duping Queen Anne with it.

With Jane Seymour, Heinrich had already envisaged the next marriage candidate at this time. Ironically, Anne's greatest protection was that Catherine of Aragón was still alive,

for Heinrich feared that if he annulled the marriage with Anne, the marriage with Catherine would automatically be valid again.

Therefore, the death of Catherine of Aragon in January 1536 sealed Anne's fate. Anne's miscarriage occurred several days before Catherine's death.

The king felt betrayed by Annes stillbirths of her and fell into self-pity. As with Catherine, he tried to persuade himself that he had been bewitched by Anne.

This is also the reason why God denied him a son. Henry tried to find arguments against Anne, who would normally have led him back to his wife Catherine (if she had lived on).

The English court responded quickly to the waning interest in Anne and the rising star of Jane Seymour.

The exact reasons for an intrigue against Anne at court can today no longer be exactly understood and verified.

Therefore, some historians suspect that the ambitious brothers of Jane Seymour together with Thomas Cromwell have been planning for a long time the deposition

and accusation of Anne and deliberately sprinkle rumours and suspicions against Anne, she has long been having affairs with other men, including her own Brother belong.

On May 1, 1536 Anne accompanied the king to a tournament in Greenwich. In the interval between the battles, the king received an urgent message whose contents are still unknown.

Then Heinrich left the tournament. Anne never saw her husband again. A day later, she was arrested in Greenwich and brought before a commission chaired by her uncle - the Duke of Norfolk.

Trial and execution

After the death of Catherine of Aragón, the marriage to Jane Seymour was only in the way of Anne. Since Heinrich was bound to a valid marriage with Anne by the Suprematsakte

adopted by the English parliament, another way had to be found to separate Anne from him. Had Henry openly opposed the Supreme Council Act and annulled his marriage,

his reputation throughout Europe would have been jeopardized. Therefore, for him to be separated from Anne, he had only one way: an indictment on which death stood,

and a process that would surely end with the death sentence.

Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, uncle of Anne Boleyn (painting by Hans Holbein)

Anne Boleyn was accused on 2 May 1536 of multiple adultery, incestuous relations with her brother and the plan to kill the king.

Although these allegations remained unproven, she was sentenced to death for treason.

On May 6, 1536 Anne wrote a letter to Henry

"Sire, the displeasure of your graces and my imprisonment are so strange to me that I do not know what to write and what to apologize for.

No prince has ever had a more faithful wife in all duty and affection than you have found in Anne Boleyn. Let me interrogate, good king, but give me a fair trial,

and do not let my sworn enemies sit in court as my prosecutors and judges. Yes, give me a public trial because my truth will have no public disgrace to fear.

Then you will either cleanse my innocence, satisfy your suspicions and your conscience, silence the malice and slander of the world, or publicly declare my guilt,

so that whatever God and you may decide about me, your graces of public criticism will be exempted, and if my guilt is then proven by law,

your grace will be free both before God and before men, not only to execute legal punishment on me as an unfaithful wife, but also to obey your affection,

which is already established; for the sake of which I am where I am now. My last and only request is that I alone should bear the weight of Your Grace's displeasure,

and that it may not strike the innocent souls of the poor noblemen, which,

I understand, are also in strict custody for my sake out of my grief-stricken prison Tower on May 6, 1536, your all-loyal and ever devoted wife Anne Boleyn. "

Henry let executed on May 19, 1536 to execute his wife Jean Rombaud from Saint-Omer (Calais region), who was known for his abilities with the beheading with the sword.

A group of officers had gathered in the Tower to attend the execution.

On the scaffold, the doomed held a short speech.

Good Christian people, I am come hither to die,
for according to the law, and by the law I am judged to die,
and therefore I will speak nothing against it.
I am come hither to accuse no man,
nor to speak anything of that,
whereof I am accused and condemned to die,
but I pray God save the king
and send him long to reign over you,
for a gentler nor a more merciful prince was there never:
and to me he was ever a good, a gentle and sovereign lord.
And if any person will meddle of my cause,
I require them to judge the best.
And thus I take my leave of the world and of you all,
and I heartily desire you all to pray for me.
O Lord have mercy on me, to God I commend my soul.
To Jesus Christ I commend my soul; Lord Jesus receive my soul!

She did not confess her guilt, but she also avoided attacking the king. Anne Boleyn was executed kneeling, blindfolded and head held high.

Eleven days after Anne's death, on May 30, 1536, Heinrich married his third wife, Jane Seymour.

Memorial at the execution site on the Tower Green.

At the execution site in the Tower of London is a commemorative plaque.

Her body was buried without a commemorative plaque under the nave of the chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula Tower. In 1876,

the mortal remains of the people lying there were transferred to the crypt of the chapel.

Children with Henry VIII

Marriage on January 25, 1533, the marriage was annulled in 1536

Elizabeth I (born September 7, 1533, † March 24, 1603) later Queen of England

Henry (* / † 1534); Historians are unsure whether this child was born dead or died shortly after birth. The birth itself and the sex of the child are not proven.

Edward (* / † January 29, 1536)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Stock Woman: www.deviantart.com/cathleentar…
Stock Background: pixabay.com/de/photos/tower-of…
Stock Man: pixabay.com/de/illustrations/r…
Stock Straw: pixabay.com/de/illustrations/s…
Stock Blindfold: pixabay.com/de/photos/wein-aug…
Stock Texture: pixabay.com/de/photos/aquarell…
Stock Texture: pixabay.com/de/photos/hintergr…
Idea, concept, were made by me.