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Looking back, historians view the 21st Century as an age of revolution and government reform, in which political reality caught up with demographic, social, and technological changes. Though democracy was never faced with any serious ideological alternatives after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 (or its echo in the collapse of Putinist Russia in 2026), the loss of dynamism of democratic institutions in the West and the rapid expansion of democracy and growth in the rest of the world prompted profound tinkering and searching aimed at finding the best possible mode of government.

Ochlocracy: In America and Europe, old variations of alt-right or national populism and leftist or social populism cross-pollinated over the internet into a “neohumanism” which became the ideology of revolutionary movements in the U.S. and several members of the European Union. 'Ochlocracies' operate as confederal, internet-based, and open-source governments which allow residents to propose, amend, and vote on most or every decision over the internet (or allocate a subset of their votes to trusted individuals, leading to the rise of the ‘celebrity expert’).

Agoracracy: In Latin America and then Africa, in response to declines in living standards amid misrule by old-school ideologues and military juntas, block-chain inspired “agorista” reforms were introduced to reduce the potential for elected authoritarianism. ‘Agoracracies’ still elect traditional politicians, but their responsibility has been limited to defining measures of national well-being; lawmaking is conducted in the form of prediction markets where citizens ‘bet’ on which proposed laws will best achieve these measures of national well-being, and are given additional votes for correct predictions.

Technocracy: Across the Indo-Pacific, revolution was averted as existing democracies and democratizing authoritarians gradually ceded ever more control to central planning and algorithms-based bureaucracy. ‘Technocracies’ generally retain features of representative democracy, but their civilian governments are held back from making contradictory or self-defeating decisions by the veto power of various review boards whose membership is made up of subject-matter experts and artificial intelligence. Democracy is more fully realized by voting held between such technical review boards.

Description

Looking back, historians view the 21st Century as an age of revolution and government reform, in which political reality caught up with demographic, social, and technological changes. Though democracy was never faced with any serious ideological alternatives after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 (or its echo in the collapse of Putinist Russia in 2026), the loss of dynamism of democratic institutions in the West and the rapid expansion of democracy and growth in the rest of the world prompted profound tinkering and searching aimed at finding the best possible mode of government.

Ochlocracy: In America and Europe, old variations of alt-right or national populism and leftist or social populism cross-pollinated over the internet into a “neohumanism” which became the ideology of revolutionary movements in the U.S. and several members of the European Union. 'Ochlocracies' operate as confederal, internet-based, and open-source governments which allow residents to propose, amend, and vote on most or every decision over the internet (or allocate a subset of their votes to trusted individuals, leading to the rise of the ‘celebrity expert’).

Agoracracy: In Latin America and then Africa, in response to declines in living standards amid misrule by old-school ideologues and military juntas, block-chain inspired “agorista” reforms were introduced to reduce the potential for elected authoritarianism. ‘Agoracracies’ still elect traditional politicians, but their responsibility has been limited to defining measures of national well-being; lawmaking is conducted in the form of prediction markets where citizens ‘bet’ on which proposed laws will best achieve these measures of national well-being, and are given additional votes for correct predictions.

Technocracy: Across the Indo-Pacific, revolution was averted as existing democracies and democratizing authoritarians gradually ceded ever more control to central planning and algorithms-based bureaucracy. ‘Technocracies’ generally retain features of representative democracy, but their civilian governments are held back from making contradictory or self-defeating decisions by the veto power of various review boards whose membership is made up of subject-matter experts and artificial intelligence. Democracy is more fully realized by voting held between such technical review boards.