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Leonca β€” Dog Colors Guide- Merle

Published: 2011-04-05 16:38:00 +0000 UTC; Views: 30860; Favourites: 340; Downloads: 2078
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Description Another nerdy personal project, but one I hope will help others as well. I have learned a lot about the genetic rules governing color and pattern in dogs, and this is a visual summery to help remind myself. More detailed explanations and photographs can be found in References. If you have suggestions for improvement or see any errors feel free to comment with them.

Written explanation of theoretical genetics to accompany visual examples [link]

Photo references
Dog Color Feature: Merle LocusThis is a supplement to my Theoretical Dog Genetics guide . I am using thumbnails from dA so that artists will get the credit that would be harder to give taking pictures from other online sources. The goal is to educate anyone who is curious, as well as to provide artists with references that will improve the realism of their work.
I am still learning, and guessing the correct color can sometimes be difficult even with an ideal photo or the dog itself to examine. If you spot any mistakes let me know.
If you see your picture here and don't want it to be let me know and I'll take it down.
If you would like to contribute a picture for reference send me a link. Photographs need to be clear, in good lighting, and show enough of the dog to provide a good reference for markings.
I will be going back and adding to this whenever I find new references. My personal goal is to improve the quality of my art and educate myself because I like to know more about the patients I meet at

Black (dominant black, chocolate, blue, Isabella, progressive graying)

Red (recessive red, deep red to silver)

Brindle

Merle
Agouti (sable, grizzle, tan points, recessive black)

White spotting (Irish, piebald, extreme piebald, ticking, roaning, Dalmatian spots)

Addendum (husky pattern, grizzle/domino, white trim, Boxer white, split face, lozenge) [link]

Genotype: the genes an animal carries, including those not expressed.
Phenotype: the physical expression of the dominant and recessive interactions of genes.
Locus: a part on a strand of DNA where 2 alleles are held, though the possible available number may be higher.
Alleles: different genes on the same locus which allow for the expression of different traits.
A _ after a gene means that genes equal in dominance or recessive to the gene do not affect the phenotype. Example- B_ could be BB (black) or Bb (black carrying chocolate).

References: [link] [link] [link] [link]
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Comments: 33

Larrimeme [2022-02-19 14:59:07 +0000 UTC]

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Leonca In reply to Larrimeme [2022-02-25 04:31:14 +0000 UTC]

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Antistita-Lunastella [2017-02-26 14:45:42 +0000 UTC]

So there are no true red merles? I swear I've seen Aussies that were not chocolate merle but red merle as they also had black noses and dark brown eyes. Are they some sort ofΒ  chimera mutation between a normal red Aussie and a chocolate merle Aussie?

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Leonca In reply to Antistita-Lunastella [2017-02-26 23:30:18 +0000 UTC]

The term red merle is interchangeable with chocolate merle. It could have been several different things, though it's hard to know from just a description. They could have been chocolates with very dark eyes and noses, or sable merles.

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Antistita-Lunastella In reply to Leonca [2017-02-28 01:22:02 +0000 UTC]

Owner says it's a red merle: images1.dhd.de/105346803_xl.jp…

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riaell In reply to Antistita-Lunastella [2021-09-11 06:28:03 +0000 UTC]

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Leonca In reply to Antistita-Lunastella [2017-02-28 05:06:25 +0000 UTC]

Yeah, that's a normal red/chocolate merle. The nose is brown.

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jupiterjenny [2012-10-03 03:40:55 +0000 UTC]

I have a Dane who I believe is a double Merle- he has a starburst eye and the other eye I think is a tad small. Otherwise he seems alright. check him out here :link:[link]

my previous Dane was also a double merle- she really had a smaller eye and even half her body seemed smaller. She lived to a ripe old age of ten and was taken by bone cancer - as typical of the breed.

Cool research - I love this stuff!!

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Leonca In reply to jupiterjenny [2012-10-03 03:53:35 +0000 UTC]

Thanks.

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E11aBean [2012-08-26 14:03:42 +0000 UTC]

Awesome!!

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Leonca In reply to E11aBean [2012-08-26 18:56:44 +0000 UTC]

Thanks.

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E11aBean In reply to Leonca [2012-08-26 20:23:32 +0000 UTC]

Your Welcome!!

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tjukurpakoolies [2012-02-29 23:19:07 +0000 UTC]

This is awesome and it's good to see it all in one area, my Genetics team will enjoy going over it thank for your passion and drive.

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Leonca In reply to tjukurpakoolies [2012-02-29 23:24:29 +0000 UTC]

Glad I could help.

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PaleHok [2011-11-28 04:45:51 +0000 UTC]

Quick question: Is the starburst pupil only a condition of double merles/lethal white? I've noticed it seems to show up in them more often, but I know Aussies are generally subject to eye problems more than a lot of other breeds.

I got an Aussie and he's a blue merle with the standard cape of gray and black, and he has the brown on his cheeks and a tiny bit on the shoulders and heels. His legs, stomach, chest, neck, and the middle of his face are all white. My boy has a blue right eye, a marbled [brown on top, blue on bottom] left eye, and both of his pupils seem to be starburst eyes. His nose, skin, and paw pads are also spotted. [link]

I'm not sure of his breeding as I'm the third person to have him now and he came with no papers from the person who got him. He was in a bad situation so I paid her to let me take him. I know he has a bit of trouble in the dark noticing small objects and something like a grasshopper or frog will make him jump out of his skin. I was thinking he had progressive retinal atrophy because of his night vision, but he does squint in the light as well. I'm thinking his genetics are pretty terrible even though he is very pretty. He'll be fixed within the next couple months because of it.

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Leonca In reply to PaleHok [2011-11-28 05:25:17 +0000 UTC]

I believe the eye deformities can show up unrelated to the double merle genes, though probably more rarely.

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PaleHok In reply to Leonca [2011-11-28 05:29:58 +0000 UTC]

Ah, thanks.

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Mai-Malachi [2011-07-15 16:16:46 +0000 UTC]

Thank you for including information on double merles. I'm amazed by how many self-professed "dog people" don't know about that. My deafie Haven thanks you too, I'm sure.

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Leonca In reply to Mai-Malachi [2011-07-15 20:50:53 +0000 UTC]

You’re welcome.

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Sinful-Souls [2011-05-30 17:22:35 +0000 UTC]

Wow this is simply fascinating stuff!
There's a Great Dane on our street who has the tweed coat, she's so pretty.

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Leonca In reply to Sinful-Souls [2011-05-30 22:06:43 +0000 UTC]

Cool. Tweeds seem to be fairly rare, though I’m not sure if they’re seen more often in Danes.

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Its-Wolfeh [2011-05-25 16:03:15 +0000 UTC]

Er, I was told starburst is actually basically a coloboma where the iris is basically deteriorated exposing the pupil. The retina and other parts of the eye can be missing too. But other than that this is very good!

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Leonca In reply to Its-Wolfeh [2011-05-25 19:03:37 +0000 UTC]

That sounds right. Having a pupil of irregular shape is what would cause the inability to constrict normally, causing more sensitivity to sunlight. The pupil size is increased, but the muscles can’t compensate for this while constricting so more light gets in.

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LilLozzi98 [2011-05-07 10:13:59 +0000 UTC]

This is really helpful thanks

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Leonca In reply to LilLozzi98 [2011-05-07 20:42:15 +0000 UTC]

You’re welcome.

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KesukTikaani [2011-05-06 16:29:42 +0000 UTC]

Correction to the brindle merle:
The brindle isn't all over the body. It's actually in merle patches with a sable base.
(I had a brindle merle Border Collie)

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Leonca In reply to KesukTikaani [2011-05-06 20:16:31 +0000 UTC]

From what I understand a full body brindle is a sable with all the red fur showing stripes. The merle only affects the stripes, creating a lighter base color (red in between stripes plus stripes affected by merle lightened with white hairs) with darker patches where the stripes are untouched, giving the illusion that the merle patches are the only part affected.

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TheTinkerThinker [2011-04-05 17:30:14 +0000 UTC]

Ack! Wrong, not Dog. Jamal. Jamal would be a Merle?

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TheTinkerThinker [2011-04-05 17:25:06 +0000 UTC]

Oh wow! You really take the time to study and research the things that catch your interest, don't you? XD
I've learned a new term today ('Merle')--I used to just call it 'Mutt' colouring So Dog's colours would make him a Merle?
(Oh god, puppies and frontal shots are sooooo cute )
Beautiful work!

And on an unrelated note, I was hoping to see just one sparkledog in there with the annotation that such an abomination can/should never ever exist.

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Leonca In reply to TheTinkerThinker [2011-04-05 18:03:11 +0000 UTC]

Thanks. Educating people about my field of study is fun. Technically this could be considered vet tech study, since you have to accurately describe patients for record keeping.

The picture on Jamal’s ref sheet (which I hate now by the way, icky bad anatmy ) is red brindle (black stripes on dark red) and white piebald. I might redesign him later since now I can give a genotype to all the weredog’s dogforms, so I can imagine realistic colors his parents would produce. Dog of course gets to be the most boring color ever.

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TheTinkerThinker In reply to Leonca [2011-04-05 18:05:40 +0000 UTC]

But Dog has the best colour for survival

Are you planning on taking up vet as a profession? Cuz, you know, you've done felines, you've done canines, and I'm pretty sure you'll be able to do whichever animal takes your fancy next (judging from your zoo shots I say you've a broad range of interests )

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Leonca In reply to TheTinkerThinker [2011-04-05 18:13:37 +0000 UTC]

I’m currently job hunting for a vet tech position in a small animal clinic. Vet might pay better, but I think techs have more fun.

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TheTinkerThinker In reply to Leonca [2011-04-05 18:17:18 +0000 UTC]

Ah, just make sure you're not stuck treating obese animals whose plights make you want to smack their owners silly or something like that

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