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Description
During the macMalcom dynasty, Scotland underwent Anglo-Norman settlement that led to the introduction of a hybrid Celtic-English feudal system with the king in charge. As the kingdom underwent centralisation and the economy soared, the king introduced sheriffdoms to maintain grasp on regions of Scotland and appointed loyal (often English and French) lords and earls to overlook parts of the kingdom. After the Treaty of Perth (1266), Norway ceded the Western Isles to Scotland. The descendants of the Kingdom of the Isles' king, Somerled, retained control of their share of the territory under the Scottish king.

Following 1286, Scotland faced a dynastic crisis as Alexander III was succeeded by Margaret, Maid of Norway. Upon her death, the Kingdom of Scotland would see its crown contested by Edward I, who invaded while King John Balliol was on the throne. The Wars of Independence led to a Scottish civil war between Scottish resistance (the Guardians, including Wallace and later King Robert Bruce) and the death of the macMalcom dynasty.

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References:

Grant, A., 2007. Franchises North of the Border: Baronies and Regalities in Medieval Scotland. [Online]
Available at: eprints.lancs.ac.uk/633/
[Accessed 7 October 2018].

Lynch, M., 1992. Scotland: A New History. Pimlico ed. London: Pimlico.

McNeill, P. G. & MacQueen, H. L., 1998. An Atlas of Scottish History to 1707. Revised ed. Edinburgh: The Scottish Medievalists.

Description
During the macMalcom dynasty, Scotland underwent Anglo-Norman settlement that led to the introduction of a hybrid Celtic-English feudal system with the king in charge. As the kingdom underwent centralisation and the economy soared, the king introduced sheriffdoms to maintain grasp on regions of Scotland and appointed loyal (often English and French) lords and earls to overlook parts of the kingdom. After the Treaty of Perth (1266), Norway ceded the Western Isles to Scotland. The descendants of the Kingdom of the Isles' king, Somerled, retained control of their share of the territory under the Scottish king.

Following 1286, Scotland faced a dynastic crisis as Alexander III was succeeded by Margaret, Maid of Norway. Upon her death, the Kingdom of Scotland would see its crown contested by Edward I, who invaded while King John Balliol was on the throne. The Wars of Independence led to a Scottish civil war between Scottish resistance (the Guardians, including Wallace and later King Robert Bruce) and the death of the macMalcom dynasty.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
References:

Grant, A., 2007. Franchises North of the Border: Baronies and Regalities in Medieval Scotland. [Online]
Available at: eprints.lancs.ac.uk/633/
[Accessed 7 October 2018].

Lynch, M., 1992. Scotland: A New History. Pimlico ed. London: Pimlico.

McNeill, P. G. & MacQueen, H. L., 1998. An Atlas of Scottish History to 1707. Revised ed. Edinburgh: The Scottish Medievalists.