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SameerPrehistorica — Proboscideans
#comparison #evolution #loxodonta #mammut #mastodon #size #gomphotherium #elephas #mammuthus #palaeoloxodon #proboscideans #stegodon #elephants #mammoth #deinotherium
Published: 2012-11-28 17:06:57 +0000 UTC; Views: 88077; Favourites: 577; Downloads: 1354
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A tribute to one of the most awesome and famous group of mammals and by far my top favorite mammalian group, the mighty proboscideans !!(Moeritherium, Deinotherium giganteum, Platybelodon grangeri, Primelephas gomphotheroides, Numidotherium, Gomphotherium steinheimense, Amebelodon fricki, Chilgatherium, Palaeomastodon , Deinotherium bozasi, Notiomastodon platensis, Stegodon trigonocephalus, Zygolophodon borsoni, Phiomia, American mastodon, Barytherium grave, Stegotetrabelodon syrticus, Cuvieronius hyodon, Deinotherium proavum, Tilos dwarf elephant, Palaeoloxodon namadicus, Prodeinotherium bavaricum, Stegodon ganesha, Loxodonta atlantica, Palaeoloxodon falconeri, Palaeoloxodon antiquus, Cretan dwarf mammoth, Palaeoloxodon recki, Rhynchotherium falconeri, Mammuthus africanavus, South African mammoth, Sardinian dwarf mammoth, Southern mammoth, Pygmy mammoth, Steppe mammoth, Woolly mammoth, Columbian mammoth, Stegodon zdanskyi)- (extinct), African bush elephant, Asian elephant and African forest elephant.
There were perhaps over 100 species of proboscideans. In this image, there are only 41 species.
Nearly half of the proboscideans are based on the skeletal reconstruction by Asier Larramendi.
Larramendi, A. 201X. Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans. Acta. Palaeontologica Polonica XX (X): xxx–xxx. dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00136.2…
(The order proboscidea has one of the most comprehensive fossil records of any species. The evolutionary history of proboscideans has always been of great interest to vertebrate palaeontologists.
There were tiny mammals lived alongside dinosaurs for many million years. Mammals diversified after the extinction of dinosaurs and among those mammals was a tiny proboscidean. It evolved into several different species. This group was very successful that they were so diverse. Over time, they not only became bigger but became the most dominant of all the mammals. They inhabited every continent except Australia and Antarctica. Some proboscideans are heavier than the largest carnivorous dinosaurs.
Elephantidae is a family of large, herbivorous mammals collectively called elephants and mammoths. These are terrestrial large mammals with a snout modified into a trunk and teeth modified into tusks. Most genera and species in the family are extinct. Only two genera, Loxodonta (African elephants) and Elephas (Asiatic elephants) are the only surviving members of the order proboscidea. The largest land mammal alive today, the African elephant which weighs about 6 tonnes, the record holder individual weighed about 10.4 tonnes. The order proboscidea also has the largest ever land mammal, Palaeoloxodon namadicus which weighed upto 22 tonnes.)
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Comments: 262
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I was not much comfortable mentioning their number of species at 350, i wondered if it was correct or not. Now i changed it to 160, however it seems like their exact numbers of species might be somewhat difficult to know. There are different information mentioned in some sites, ranging from 160 to 352 species. They also include the subspecies.
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I mean it appears that there were quite a few genra
and species
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I wonder what would have happened if all of these extinct elephant species are all still alive today in their own environments and adapted to deal with changes in climates and slight habitat changes? What species of these prehistoric elephants could be the best candidate for domestication?
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Afaik, the borneo elephant is not a native to the Borneo island. My dad said that the elephants were actually a gift from a kingdom from thailand for Malaysia (in this case they put the elephants in North Borneo). However, some elephants managed to escape and bred in the wilderness of the Borneo island.
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Have a look at Baz Edmeades' wonderful website "Megafauna : First Victims of Human Expansion" at www.megafauna.com
He makes the point that early humans in Africa, as far back as the Pliocene, 3-4 million years ago, were already impacting upon Africa's large animals, particularly giant tortoises
and Proboscideans. We would have somewhere between 20 and 30 pachyderm species today in the absence of human hunting, if you include Asia's Stegodons, the
numerous pygmy species of elephants and mammoths on Mediterranean islands, the recently extinct pachyderms of North And South America, the woolly mammoths and straight-tusked
elephants of Europe, and the huge Palaeoloxodon namadicus of South East Asia, which only went extinct about 25, 000 years ago.
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Before the close of the Pleistocene, there were at least three families of Proboscideans. We still had the mastodons, the last representatives of the Gomphotheres in South America as well as the elephants including the mammoths. There were probably nearly a dozen species and subspecies. Dr Valerius Geist theorized that these large mammals felt no need to run from most predators because of their size. When human hunters who specialized in killing megafauna came on board, most Proboscideans didn't adapt by running away. Three species of elephants survived., because they learned to flee the moment they sensed humans by ear or smell. Even in Africa during the past two centuries there were a few hunter-gatherer peoples who were skilled at killing elephants without firearms. This shows the sophistication of hunter-gatherers at hunting large intelligent mammals.
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But there is 4 species still alive shown in this picture, i always tought there was only the Asian elephant, the African bush elephant and the African forest elephant.
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If we use the word 'species', there are only 2 species of elephants alive today. The African forest elephant is a subspecies of the African bush elephant and the Borneo pygmy elephant is one of the 4 subspecies of the Asian elephant.
We can add subspecies in an image but should mention it's correct name. For example, in a bear comparison image, some people may mention one of the bears as brown bear but if there is 2 brown bears present in that image,then the 2 subspecies of brown bears name should be mentioned properly, like Kodiak bear and grizzly bear rather than 2 brown bears.
Here in this image,i have used the name 'Srilankan elephant' instead of Asian elephant because there are 2 Asian elephant subspecies present in the image. The Srilankan elephant being the largest subspecies and the Borneo pygmy elephant being the smallest subspecies.
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oh ok, it's clear !
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Even though later i thought that there is no need for the modern elephant subspecies for this image, so i removed them.
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Ofcourse some of them don't need to run from predators because of their size, awesome strength and intelligence combined. The felines fanboys will not agree it and who cares. That is not surprising, they use spear kinds of stuffs and making traps on the ground where some elephants will fall down.The worst species ever are humans.
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Would you like to feature your submission in our gallery?
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Which is your group? Actually this image needs one last update.
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Eco-cide
eco-cide.deviantart.com/
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Finally now i updated it. In your group,when i selected contribute option, the featured folder is not seen. 4 folders are visible, and one of that folder seems like suitable to upload this image. That folder is 'Beautiful Nature'. I didn't contributed it yet because of the folder confusion.
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I made changes so any Deviant user can submit to our galleries with a vote for approval.
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I will update this image and will upload in that group.
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Proboscidea is my most favorite group in Mammalia.. And this is beautiful.. Lovely lovely work
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Thanks. You have added 'Ceratopsidea' to mammals collection, they are dinosaurs.
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Oh will correct that, thanks!
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This is amazing!!! I love that it is beautiful art and also educational. I had no idea how many species there were! Thank you for this!!
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Thanks.This image will get one last update with overall 50 members.
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I can't wait to see it! 
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Well,it is said that there are about 350 species of them.Now your jaw may drop.The Proboscideans are very diverse.Mostly i always make the largest animals,so the largest Proboscideans are indeed already present in this image.
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Asian Elephant and Borneo Pygmy Elephant are the same species
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Sub species.. Both of them have some differences.
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Now the most reliable morphological data being reflected, this becomes the best proboscidean ensemble picture for the size and morphological comparisons. One of my favorite works of the whole DA, by far. Thumbs up to this awesome tribute to the kings of land mammals.
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Thank you my dear Jag Proboscidean. Actually when i updated this image,i didn't let the watchers know about this because this image is not fully updated and you can note that this one would look slightly blurred compared to other images.Currently, overall there are 40 Proboscideans in this image including the 3 tiny early Proboscideans which are not much visible.I want to end this image with 50 Proboscideans and i have made some 5 new ones,5 more to go. Then there are few Proboscideans in this image which needs to be updated and finally will edit the description. The last update i make for this image will look better.
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You're most welcome Sameer, and 50 proboscidens sound simply astounding! I'm very much looking foreword to the final completion of this image
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Thanks. Before leaving from this site,i wanted to update them and now i did. But not with 50 but ended up with 60.
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Again, one of the best visual tributes to the family Proboscidea I've ever seen. I can look at these many different pachyderms all day.
What do you mean leaving? You're one of my fav DA paleo artists and really sad to hear you saying that.
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Thank you very much. Haha,no wonder that you can look at those different pachyderms all day. 
Well, my time is over. Anyway, i will make a post about it this month because i won't be active in DA after this month.
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Haha this is probably the only paleoart work that I've kept continue checking during the span of good several years. Very special.
Well, I know you have your reasons not to be so active in here anymore... but you know we, DA paleoart comminity is like a family(at least so I personally feel) and we'll welcome you back whenever you decide to return.
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100 % agreed stop the poaching and delivery to the asian market!
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www.deviantart.com/art/The-col… Have you seen this: it's an update about P.Namadicus and how the 22 tonne estimate for the largest specimen is actually [i]conservative[i], perhaps even minimalist, as the smaller specimen has been found to be larger than originally thought. What could this mean?
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How can i know what that means ? The only thing i can think about is that there was a 22 tonne Elephant which could be the largest of all the land mammals.
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What it means is the animal wasn't 5m tall at the shoulder but likely 5.16m (just over 17 feet) at the shoulder, which means it was likely over 5.6m tall overall due to the head. 22 tonnes is still likely, though 23 or even 24 tonnes could be possible due to how adult elephants are usually more robust than juveniles. Sorry for confusion. Plus there is a third specimen which may also be a giant, so more will hopefully need discovery this year.
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To be honest with you I have never heard of a Borneo Pygmy elephant until now.
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