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#character #dinosaur #drawing #park #raptor #tutorial #utahraptor #velociraptor #deinonychus #deinonychusantirrhopus #jurassicworld #jurassicparkic
Published: 2015-06-07 22:19:05 +0000 UTC; Views: 21886; Favourites: 463; Downloads: 163
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Description
I've looked for a nicely detailed, affordable, ($15-$30) scientifically accurate raptor type figurine these last few weeks, and they pretty much don't exist. I think Carnegie makes one, and it sucks. Even a lot of the higher end resin models out there are still stuck on "A hurr hurr, Velociraptor was six feet tall and had pronated hands!" For the record: shame on you, Papo. Shame on you.
So I'm doing my part to change that. I managed to find my figurine, but it wasn't easy, dammit, and it sure as hell wasn't mainstream.
I love Jurassic Park, but I recently rewatched it and was very struck by the scene where Grant says about the fossil "No wonder these guys learned how to fly" and everyone laughs at him. Because in my reading, scientists knew the connection between birds and dinosaurs ages before. Like, the ink on Origin of the Species wasn't even dry before Huxley said birds evolved from dinosaurs, and by the 60s that got rediscovered so by the 90s paleontologists were like "Yeah, birds are surviving dinosaurs." Granted, maybe it was the movie trying to spoonfeed updated science to drooling masses, but that brings me to the whole problem this tutorial is trying to address.
I've seen some really great art, 3d and otherwise, of the Jurassic Park raptors, and I can't figure out why, if you're going to put that much time and effort into something, would you not bother doing your research in the first place? I understand if it's fanart. It's fine to love Jurassic Park; I love it, too, despite its naked, naked raptors. But I see people who are like "Behold! Velociraptor mongoliensis!" and I'm like "Uh, dude, this would make any first year paleontologist laugh until he crapped himself." Is it just the idea that instead of being the slightly menacing Hollywood monster, real Velociraptor being a fluffly chicken sized thing is disappointing? I mean, it's not like Deinonychus or Utahraptor didn't exist. Do feathers make them less scary? Golden eagles can break the spine of a wolf and they have feathers.
There's just a big divide, I've noticed quite suddenly, between science versus what people want to see. And I can't tell if it's because it's what people want to see, or it's because what a company thinks they want to see, or if people are ignorant, unwilling to educate themselves, and demand/accept the parameters given to them by corporate-designed pop culture. The persistence of the Jurassic Park raptor is odd to me, because it's just a little older than the science debunking it as inaccurate. And even within the realm of dino enthusiasts, who one would think demand scientific accuracy, the JP raptors, naked and running around with pronated hands, are disappointingly pervasive. If you do a search just for "raptor" on DA alone, more than half the drawings you will see are the naked versions, and even if they have feathers almost all of them still have pronated hands.
I had to update my own version of dinosaurs during my work on Mark of the Conifer, but I found it to be an awe-inspiring, joyful experience, not something that ripped away my nostalgia and destroyed my love for dinosaurs. I guess I'm just baffled as to why other people would be unwilling to do the same.
No one draws dinosaurs dragging their tails and bellies along the ground anymore. When you're drawing raptors like the JP raptors, you're pretty much saying "I LIKE my dinosaurs to look like Valley of the Gwangi!"
Related content
Comments: 158
FOERVRAENGD [2015-06-08 10:18:33 +0000 UTC]
Have you checked out paleoplushies? They made a kickstarter which was a success and make plushies and figurines of accurate velociraptors!
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GoGo-T-W [2015-06-08 06:38:03 +0000 UTC]
I think that, in a lot of people's minds, JP raptors ARE science. And people are having a knee-jerk reaction and may more slowly come around to feathered dinosaurs.
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ruinedmirage [2015-06-08 06:21:51 +0000 UTC]
"What John Hamond and InGen did at Jurassic Park is create genetically engineered theme park monsters. Nothing more and nothing less."
-- Alan Grant, Jurassic Park 3
So that movie actually got SOMETHING right. Maybe the hands and no feathers are part of the flawed DNA hole-filling.....
Now if there was a movie about seeing raptors by going back in time, there might be a more compelling case for pointing out mistakes. A Sound of Thunder 2 won't cut it! XD
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Droemar In reply to ruinedmirage [2015-06-21 23:19:43 +0000 UTC]
In Jurassic World, they actually did put the conversation Wu has with Hammond in the first book, albeit with Wu and Hammond's replacement (Masrani, I think?). I really appreciated it, because it does justify the odd appearance of all the dinosaurs.
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Vennicerunnos In reply to ruinedmirage [2015-06-08 08:26:43 +0000 UTC]
I believe they even said something like that in the book, that the dinosaurs had dino dna in them, but also "filler" dna, from toads lizards and birds...
and in the movie Steven Spielberg replaced Michael Critchton's 7 to 10 pages of biology textbook with a little cartoon to explain
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kirstentheartist In reply to ??? [2015-06-08 04:58:23 +0000 UTC]
Thank for art dinosaur science.
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nekonotaishou In reply to ??? [2015-06-08 04:14:53 +0000 UTC]
I shed a tear every time I see the Jurassic World trailers, because the raptors are broken and naked ;_;
This tutorial is brilliant!
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Droemar In reply to nekonotaishou [2015-06-08 18:07:38 +0000 UTC]
Yeah, I have kind of a "Coo ... whuuuut am I looking at here?" moment every time I see them.
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ChrisBryer In reply to ??? [2015-06-08 00:45:13 +0000 UTC]
I have been learning to draw creatures such as this and i have been forced to forget some looks of some dinos and what not.
Im mostly interested in creature design and hypothetical animals but still understanding stuff like this is useful.
This is technically not a raptor nor even a dino but here
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Droemar In reply to ChrisBryer [2015-06-08 02:39:35 +0000 UTC]
Very cool. A lot of the terror birds were really neat creatures! My favorite was always Diatryma, but now it's called Gastornis, I guess? I have nostalgia for the 90s dinos, but in a different way than wailing "But I like my naked raptors!"
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ChrisBryer In reply to Droemar [2015-06-08 03:09:57 +0000 UTC]
Odd thing is a remember as i kid knowing that stuff shown in Jurassic Park was wrong but for some reason it just stuck.
Oh, and Gastornis was one badass bird.
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MistingWolf [2015-06-07 23:26:15 +0000 UTC]
I dunno, I guess I'm just stubborn. I like my naked raptors, though I have tried to include some of the other things like correct-facing hands and the upright, stiff tail. Though, I'm sure that I drew the hands wrong, since I'm having trouble visualizing the right angles...
The slit pupil may not be entirely out of the question, as through the following blurb:
www.koryoswrites.com/nonfictio…
I guess it's just harder for some of us to let go of our nostalgia. My favorite raptor is the Utah, and I was sad to see that instead of a sleek, graceful creature, the Utahraptor was scientifically being discovered to be more like a hefty sumo wrestler with some weird bottom jaw - both traits are aesthetically unappealing to me; though I'm sure you'll be glad to hear that a recent dino expo actually had the Utah, sumo-wrestleresque and feathered, so things are slowly going around.
I saw a debate on the JP raptors on another piece on dA, though I don't recall precisely where. There was the argument that since the JP raptors' DNA was spliced in with other things (amphibians in the movie, other things in the book), that this may help explain their featherlessness. And that there had been the suggestion to update them with a full coat of feathers, but the nostalgic fans quickly stomped it into the dust.
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Sombraptor In reply to MistingWolf [2015-06-08 09:02:13 +0000 UTC]
Just one thing, we know for an almost fact that they didn't have slit pupils, as they had sclerotic rings:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scleroti…
This not only means they had circular pupils, but couldn't move their eyes at all. To look at different things, they had to turn their heads completely, like most modern-day birds.
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Droemar In reply to Sombraptor [2015-07-20 22:01:02 +0000 UTC]
Ah, very cool, man! Thanks for this. I've wanted to look into more info on the eyesight of maniraptors.
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Sombraptor In reply to Droemar [2015-07-27 12:19:39 +0000 UTC]
Upon doing more research, perhaps I shouldn't have proposed my statement as fact...
www.reddit.com/r/Dinosaurs/com…
So while it's MOST likely Maniraptorans had circular pupils, it's not entirely impossible that slit pupils could've been exhibited...
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Droemar In reply to Sombraptor [2015-07-27 18:32:33 +0000 UTC]
I am more a fan of the theory that, like hawks, raptors were diurnal with excellent day vision. Night vision would lend itself more to the slit pupil (like a cat.)
But, it's all theory anyway. No harm, no foul.
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aarondirebear In reply to Sombraptor [2015-07-19 16:43:04 +0000 UTC]
You can't possibly tell that from the bones. GOD you're arrogant, making assumptions like that.
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Droemar In reply to aarondirebear [2015-07-20 22:46:25 +0000 UTC]
I don't think you understand the level of technology available to modern day paleontologists. Can you say "chemical impressions"? Or "magnetic image resonance"?
I don't think you can, not really. We may be arrogant, but you're ignorant, and that's much worse.
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Sombraptor In reply to aarondirebear [2015-07-19 20:14:36 +0000 UTC]
I don't usually take this tone with people, but since you started the aggression:
Ooh, look at you Mr. Expert! As a matter of fact, we CAN make an "assumption" like that, considering EVERY modern-day animal with a sclerotic ring of that kind has a round pupil!
Seeing your other comments makes me see your opinion as invalid, considering your obvious lack of information on the subject. Science doesn't give a damn whether you think the animals are cool or not, while I personally LIKE the JP raptors you seem to have a fetish for, they're all mishmashed abominations of DNA from various creatures, not true Dromaeosaurids.
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Nazrindi In reply to Sombraptor [2015-06-17 01:48:56 +0000 UTC]
This isn't entirely true. Double crested cormorants can move their eyes:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=gi90gf…
So while it's likely that some couldn't move their eyes, I don't think we can say this with certainty.
Edit: Also, the presence of sclerotic rings does not preclude eye movement.
The skull of Phalacrocorax aristotelis: paoloviscardi.com/2012/10/29/f…
Watch carefully after the 3:30 mark and you'll see the birds' eyes moving:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3rvge…
At any rate, I can agree that it's certainly a shame that the public is so reluctant to accept the presence of feathers and other bird-like features in dromaeosaurids. Just as inaccurate are the raptors covered in nothing but "dino fuzz" and lacking vaned feathers. Vaned feathers are a certainty given the presence of quill knobs on the ulna of Velociraptor. There's no reason to believe the rest of the animal would be covered in downy feathers, with only vaned feathers on the arms.
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Droemar In reply to Nazrindi [2015-07-20 22:59:52 +0000 UTC]
I attended a speech a couple of years ago by the lady who was part of the team who figured out the first color pattern on a dinosaur through chemical impression. It was really fascinating.
She did talk about how the sudden advent of vaned feathers played a role in courtship display, but this as right around the time super avian dinos were practically becoming birds (Confucisornis or so.) She worked on Sinosauropteryx herself, which has just simple filament feathers. And then the next step up form that is barbules, the precursor to waterproof feathers. And then protofeathers, which have everything except barbs and rachis (the quill part of a feather.)
Fossil evidence is way too patchy for any hard and fast stuff, but I guess I'm in the "insulation and metabolism" camp. I can see how vaned feathers on just the forearm would help in courtship, and their ultimate role in the evolution of flight, but vaned feathers all over? Especially on larger and therefore more primitive dinos (like my Utahraptors), it would make sense for their body feathers to be more primitive too, yes?
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Nazrindi In reply to Droemar [2015-07-21 04:10:10 +0000 UTC]
Well, I see that Sombraptor has already pointed out one of the things that I was going to mention- which is that juvenile Deinonychus may have been capable of gliding and maybe weak flight for short distances. I guess I'll start out with this quote: "Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny". What this means is that as something develops, it might go through the stages that its ancestors went through. If Deinonychus juveniles could fly, then it's even possible they had a flying ancestor. Another thing to support this is just how much Deinonychus and other maniraptorans had in common with birds, anatomically as you've stated before. I can't help but agree with what seems to be a growing (? maybe?) consensus (or almost?), which is that their ancestors could fly!
If that is the case, then naturally more advanced feathers would be needed, in order to create an aerodynamic surface for flight. Of course, modern ratites have lost their advanced feathers, so it's still possible that large dromaeosaurs had very shaggy, ostrich/ emu/ kiwi type feathers on their bodies.
Another thing relates to the color in feathers. If you want to know more, I highly, highly recommend Matt Martyniuk's (MattMart 's) book "The Field Guide to Mesozoic Birds". Long story short, certain colors wouldn't have been possible in Stage 1 (single filament) feathers or even Stage 3 (a central filament with barbs). These are, especially: bright whites, iridescent blacks, blues, purples, and greens, since nearly all of these colors (except green, in some cases) are due to the microstructure of feathers and how they scatter light. They also involve pigments, but he and others speculate that certain chemical pathways to create pigments may not have evolved until the lineage leading to modern birds, particularly Neoaves. (If I recall correctly... ) And also the light scattering effects tend to add vibrancy to colors, so primitive birds and dinosaurs may not have been as vibrant as today's birds, sadly. (But who knows...they may have had other ways to create certain pigments, and we know for a fact through Anchiornis that they had highly contrasting feather patterns that were quite striking.)
Also, Microraptor definitely had iridescent feathers:
www.smithsonianmag.com/science…
This means with almost certainty that other maniraptorans were capable of having iridescence, at least, so I suppose we can't rule that out! (Unless their feathers became more ratite- like in some species, in which case, they'd be restricted to more drab colors...)
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MattMart In reply to Nazrindi [2015-07-27 11:10:14 +0000 UTC]
Thanks for the mention, and here's a bit more on the possibility of iridescence in stage 2-3 feathers: dinogoss.blogspot.com/2013/09/…
Also note that golden moles achieve a sort of shininess/iridescence in their hair, which are obviously monofilaments, using a different layering within each hair (but obviously these are not as striking or colorful as many feathers).
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Nazrindi In reply to Droemar [2015-07-21 03:21:30 +0000 UTC]
While it is true that the general agreement seems to be that Sinosauropteryx prima has stage 1 (single filament) feathers, there have been at least two researchers that have challenged that opinion.
One of them is Christian Foth, who studied the taphonomy of feathers in modern birds and its implications for those of stem-birds (and therefore, dinosaurs). Basically, he found that when a bird is fossilized and flattened during the process, all of the barbs tend to adhere together, and the calamus itself can no longer be identified, nor can the rachis, usually. Since these are the central "stems" so to speak from which the barbs of a stage 3 (or vaned) feather would arise, if the process of fossilization has "erased" them so to speak, then we can't simply assume they're not there. Since this is the exact same thing that happens when modern bird bodies are put through an experiment replicating what's happened to them before they fossilize, it's much easier to assume that feathered dinosaur bodies went through the exact same process millions of years ago, and also had their rachides and calamus "erased".
Here is the link to that paper if you want to read it:
www.academia.edu/3263411/The_i…
The others are Currie and Chen, which also assume Stage 3 (which is a feather that has a central rachis and barbs, but not barbules.) Here's an abstract, and you can see that they conclude that it has "branching filamentous structures".
www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/a…
On another note, here's an extreme closeup I found of the Sinosauropteryx feathers:
images.nationalgeographic.com/…
To me, they sure look like they could be Stage 3. Amongst the paleontologists and paleoartists I've spoken to, this seems to be the main consensus now.
(Sorry about the long response. I have a bit more to say about why I think their feathers were more advanced, and that will be in the next reply.)
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Sombraptor In reply to Nazrindi [2015-06-17 03:22:08 +0000 UTC]
Well then, I stand corrected on the sclerotic rings. That's really interesting!
As for the feathers, totally agree. I previously thought the quill knobs were from Deinonychus (how do you italicize on DA?), but from more research it seems, like you said, it's from Velociraptor. But yes, they had rather well-developed, vaned feathers. Heck, just earlier today I read about a theory that juvenile Deinonychus may have glided like a Microraptor! A peculiar theory, but far from the strangest I've ever seen. If I can find the article again I'll link it.
Another thing that kinda bugs me is a bird trait that a lot of people don't realize - they couldn't pronate their hands. The radius near the elbow was locked into a groove of the ulna, not allowing for any movement.
Edit: Found it: blogs.scientificamerican.com/t…
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MistingWolf In reply to Sombraptor [2015-06-08 23:38:11 +0000 UTC]
Oh, is that what that round bone thingy is (wow, that sounded dumb.. I think I just dropped my IQ about 10 points...). Well, good to know! Learning new stuff.
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Sombraptor In reply to MistingWolf [2015-06-09 08:59:41 +0000 UTC]
Oh, no worries, haha. I didn't even learn about them until a while back.
While I very very much prefer the accurate raptors, I understand why people like the old JP ones too. There's something so...sleek about them. I've always had a headcanon that, like you said, the DNA spliced from other animals caused the featherlessness, but here's another thing...there were no actual Paleontologists working for Hammond, right? So, the geneticists working there at inGen had THEIR perception of what a "raptor" looked like...so perhaps at some point the embryos started developing feathers like a true dromaeosaurid, but the scientists turned those genes off, thinking they were a side-effect from bird DNA and not their actual appearance. That could also explain the pronated hands and slit pupils, which weren't actual traits from the true animals but actually from lizards.
Sorry about that, I just get really passionate about dinosaur stuff
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MistingWolf In reply to Sombraptor [2015-06-10 04:47:13 +0000 UTC]
I think you're right, about the sleekness aspect...
According to the book, if I remember right, the InGen scientists more or less just plugged DNA from other critters into the gaps, and would make changes if the animals they produced started having unwanted habits (examples being having skin issues, etc.), but more or less just used what could complete the DNA code to create an animal with no "issues." They didn't really spare a thought to aesthetics.
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Droemar In reply to MistingWolf [2015-06-08 05:05:50 +0000 UTC]
That's fine. Your naked raptors will freeze and die and shiver themselves to death, and mine will frolic and have wild reproductive courtship orgies.
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dragoboi123 In reply to Droemar [2022-02-02 20:21:04 +0000 UTC]
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aarondirebear In reply to Droemar [2015-07-19 16:44:33 +0000 UTC]
Pretty sure your own scientists believe the Cretaceous to have been a very hot time.
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Droemar In reply to aarondirebear [2015-07-19 19:15:23 +0000 UTC]
It ... was? "My" own scientists? Like, science is a religion now?
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SpinoInWonderland In reply to Droemar [2016-03-23 17:35:21 +0000 UTC]
That guy is a huge dumbass. I had to go at him at the first time I saw his posts.
The Cretaceous wasn't even that much hotter than the Holocene.
palaeos.com/mesozoic/images/Mi…
openearthsystems.org/data/read…
www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140…
specialpapers.gsapubs.org/cont…
Great tutorial btw. If only people weren't, well, you know, stubborn...
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SpinoInWonderland In reply to Droemar [2016-03-23 17:35:20 +0000 UTC]
That guy is a huge dumbass. I had to go at him at the first time I saw his posts.
The Cretaceous wasn't even that much hotter than the Holocene.
palaeos.com/mesozoic/images/Mi…
openearthsystems.org/data/read…
www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140…
specialpapers.gsapubs.org/cont…
Great tutorial btw. If only people weren't, well, you know, stubborn...
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MistingWolf In reply to Droemar [2015-06-08 23:51:27 +0000 UTC]
Well, I'm having trouble finding what the temps were like during the Early Cretaceous... but okay. xD I won't argue with the pro.
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TheLOAD In reply to MistingWolf [2015-06-08 03:41:00 +0000 UTC]
I think it's alright to like the aesthetic of scaled raptors, since as a reptile fan I like it a lot, but I also think it's important for people to embrace feathered raptors as scientifically accurate. Scaled raptors make great movie monsters, but they're just that. Movie monsters, not real animals.
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Spikeheila In reply to TheLOAD [2015-06-08 14:42:16 +0000 UTC]
JP Raptors don't even have scales except on the face, feet, and hands though. They're literally plucked otherwise. It's skin, leathery leathery skin.
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TheLOAD In reply to Spikeheila [2015-06-08 18:30:29 +0000 UTC]
I think the intention is for them to be scaled all over but that texture isn't easy to do all over a puppet.
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Spikeheila In reply to TheLOAD [2015-06-08 21:03:33 +0000 UTC]
Nobody can say what the intention is. I'm just stating the fact that that's how it is. That there never has been a scaly raptor from JP to be a fan of.
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Phoenix-Fightmaster In reply to Spikeheila [2015-06-21 05:59:33 +0000 UTC]
That is.... patently untrue, and I want to know how you came to that conclusion.
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Spikeheila In reply to Phoenix-Fightmaster [2015-06-21 20:46:49 +0000 UTC]
have you ever actually looked at the skin of a JP raptor? It's blocky wrinkles and whatnot. The scales are on the toes, fingers, a bit up the lower leg, on the 'crests', and lips. That's it. You can very clearly see the distinction too. Look at the knuckles of your fingers or other area where skin patterning is more clear. Then look at monsterawarenessmonth.files.wo…
Check out actual closer pictures of the models, and compare to actual scaly animals.
The brachiosaurus is the www.stanwinstonschool.com/uplo… same way
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Phoenix-Fightmaster In reply to Spikeheila [2015-06-21 21:01:15 +0000 UTC]
Pretty certain those are still scales. They're obscured somewhat by the folds of the skin, and some of them seem kind of oddly shaped, but they're definitely still scales.
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TheLOAD In reply to Spikeheila [2015-06-08 22:27:10 +0000 UTC]
That's fair enough. Though imagining them as plucked could be interesting as well. Especially since featherless chickens look so freaky,
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MistingWolf In reply to TheLOAD [2015-06-08 04:16:52 +0000 UTC]
I can agree with both points; but for my personal characters, I chose to go with what I'm familiar with. Perhaps in the future I will find the desire to update them with feathers; but at this time, I like them how they are.
I do think, though, that media should start portraying these animals more accurately, so that people like me don't get stuck n nostalgia. XD
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TheLOAD In reply to MistingWolf [2015-06-08 05:39:30 +0000 UTC]
Yeah I want more feathered dinosaurs in media, especially accurately feathered dinosaurs in documentaries. I'm alright with JP not having feathers, 1) because of continuity and 2) because those are hybrids, but new movies should try for feathers.
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Silenced-Dreams In reply to ??? [2015-06-07 23:10:27 +0000 UTC]
I know there were a few NICE feathered raptors on shapeways, but they tend to be on the smaller scale D:
www.shapeways.com/product/4CHY…
www.shapeways.com/product/GYJM…
www.shapeways.com/product/WPZ4…
www.shapeways.com/product/NW9M…
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Droemar In reply to Silenced-Dreams [2015-06-07 23:38:23 +0000 UTC]
That website ended up being my saving grace. Alas, not a mainstream option. I had to go underground!
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Silenced-Dreams In reply to Droemar [2015-06-08 00:01:49 +0000 UTC]
Ooh what did you end up finding on your underground voyages?
I have been stalking the internet for decent quality oviraptorid/caenagnathid sculpts that are affordable and shapeways is the only place I can get them from /SOB. I have the Anzu chubbie from David Krentz AND IT IS ADORABLE.
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