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Description

Topographical data from…

EU-DEM v1.1, © European Union, Copernicus Land Monitoring Service 2019, European Environment Agency (EEA), available from land.copernicus.eu/imagery-in-… [Accessed December 2019]

Bathymetric data from…

The GEBCO Grid, GEBCO Compilation Group (2019) GEBCO 2019 Grid (doi:10.5285/836f016a-33be-6ddc-e053-6c86abc0788e), available from www.gebco.net/. [Accessed March 2020]

Coat of arms from…

Wappenwiki, available from wappenwiki.org/index.php?title…

Boundaries of hundreds, intermediate subdivisions, and shires from…

Stuart Brookes (2020) Domesday Shires and Hundreds of England [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] doi.org/10.5284/1058999. [Accessed May 2020]

…the dataset is the result of a ‘three-year interdisciplinary research project Landscapes of Governance, which ran until November 2012 funded by the Leverhulme Trust, and which brought together researchers from the UCL Institute of Archaeology, the Institute for Name-Studies at the University of Nottingham, and the Department of History, University of Winchester’ and has been licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Decisions made by me regarding historical debates surrounding the interpretation of the Domesday Book:

    ·        Craven

    o   Some debate exists surrounding the north-western extent of Craven. For consistency with the extents of other wapentakes in Yorkshire, I have matched the extent of Craven to that determined by the research project Landscapes of Governance, which seems to place the north-western boundary in Cumbria, as was the former north-western boundary of the Kingdom of York.

    ·        South Lancashire

    o   Debate exists surrounding the status of south Lancashire, recorded as ‘Inter Ripam et Mersam’ or ‘Between the Ribble and Mersey’.

    § ‘Certainly there were links between Cheshire and south Lancashire before 1000, when Wulfric Spot held lands in both territories. Wulfric's estates remained grouped together after his death when they were left to his brother Aelfhelm, and indeed there still seems to have been some kind of connexion in 1086, when south Lancashire was surveyed together with Cheshire by the Domesday commissioners. Nevertheless, the two territories do seem to have been distinguished from one another in some way and it is not certain that the shire-moot and the reeves referred to in the south Lancashire section of Domesday were the Cheshire ones.’ - Harris, B. E. & Thacker, A. T., 1987. The Victoria History of the County of Chester (Volume 1: Physique, Prehistory, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Domesday). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 252

    o   Therefore, this map has not given ‘Between the Ribble and Mersey’ shire status or determined it to be wholly separate from Cheshire, but has labelled it to be distinct from the rest of Cheshire, just like the ridings of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire are distinct from each other in their respective shires.

Process by which I created shaded relief for this map:

    1.       Generated a resampled, rescaled, and Unt16 TIFF image for use in Blender in QGIS

    a.       Download topographical data and merge into one file covering area.

    b.       Reproject TIFF to EPSG:27700 and clip by the map extents.

    c.       Resample TIFF to a lower resolution to avoid noise when rendering.

    d.       Rescale TIFF to a much greater scale to avoid terracing.

                                                                   i.      Formula: (“ReSampled TIFF” – minimum value) / (maximum value – minimum value) x 65535

    e.       Translate TIFF type to Unt16.

    2.       Generated PNG of hypsometric tint for use in Blender in QGIS, using same topography data as that used to generate the TIFF. Increase the contrast of this image to compensate for the darkening that occurs when rendering the TIFF atop the hypsometric tint in Blender.

    3.       Import Base Image as the base colour of a plane and translated TIFF into Blender with its colour corresponding to the displacement height of the plane’s material output (Midlevel 1.0 and Scale 0.3).

    4.       Import rendered image into Inkscape and lighten with the programme’s ‘filter’ function to compensate for the darkening that occurs when rendering the TIFF atop the hypsometric tint in Blender.

Notes on style…

    ·        Fonts:

    o   Book Antiqua. Serif font in bold used to label shires and, in italics, to label ridings and other regions of shires.

    o   Gill Sans MT. Sans-serif font used to label hundreds, as it is legible at a very small size.

    ·        General style:

    o   In this map, I scrapped elements that I previously used frequently, such as blurs underneath boundary lines and text, and text that curves following the projection’s longitude lines. This is to allow the very small text to remain as clear despite its tiny size.

This map is far too small to display what I wanted it to show. When I quickly realised I was running out of room to label literally thousands of internal divisions by hand, I switched to a numbering scheme with a key off to the side, at the minimum font I felt was legible. This is what led to the creation of the large chunks of text which offsets the visual balance of the page and makes scanning the map for a specific hundred or even glancing at the location of a hundred near impossible for the reader. Thus, I was forced to remove all hundred labels, leaving the map feeling empty and lacking in the information I wished it to show, and messing up the visual balance of the page by weighing it heavily towards the title and key. The decision to add shaded relief to the map only further added to the jumbled mess of thousands of labels and boundaries on the map.

Description

Topographical data from…

EU-DEM v1.1, © European Union, Copernicus Land Monitoring Service 2019, European Environment Agency (EEA), available from land.copernicus.eu/imagery-in-… [Accessed December 2019]

Bathymetric data from…

The GEBCO Grid, GEBCO Compilation Group (2019) GEBCO 2019 Grid (doi:10.5285/836f016a-33be-6ddc-e053-6c86abc0788e), available from www.gebco.net/. [Accessed March 2020]

Coat of arms from…

Wappenwiki, available from wappenwiki.org/index.php?title…

Boundaries of hundreds, intermediate subdivisions, and shires from…

Stuart Brookes (2020) Domesday Shires and Hundreds of England [data-set]. York: Archaeology Data Service [distributor] doi.org/10.5284/1058999. [Accessed May 2020]

…the dataset is the result of a ‘three-year interdisciplinary research project Landscapes of Governance, which ran until November 2012 funded by the Leverhulme Trust, and which brought together researchers from the UCL Institute of Archaeology, the Institute for Name-Studies at the University of Nottingham, and the Department of History, University of Winchester’ and has been licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Decisions made by me regarding historical debates surrounding the interpretation of the Domesday Book:

    ·        Craven

    o   Some debate exists surrounding the north-western extent of Craven. For consistency with the extents of other wapentakes in Yorkshire, I have matched the extent of Craven to that determined by the research project Landscapes of Governance, which seems to place the north-western boundary in Cumbria, as was the former north-western boundary of the Kingdom of York.

    ·        South Lancashire

    o   Debate exists surrounding the status of south Lancashire, recorded as ‘Inter Ripam et Mersam’ or ‘Between the Ribble and Mersey’.

    § ‘Certainly there were links between Cheshire and south Lancashire before 1000, when Wulfric Spot held lands in both territories. Wulfric's estates remained grouped together after his death when they were left to his brother Aelfhelm, and indeed there still seems to have been some kind of connexion in 1086, when south Lancashire was surveyed together with Cheshire by the Domesday commissioners. Nevertheless, the two territories do seem to have been distinguished from one another in some way and it is not certain that the shire-moot and the reeves referred to in the south Lancashire section of Domesday were the Cheshire ones.’ - Harris, B. E. & Thacker, A. T., 1987. The Victoria History of the County of Chester (Volume 1: Physique, Prehistory, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Domesday). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 252

    o   Therefore, this map has not given ‘Between the Ribble and Mersey’ shire status or determined it to be wholly separate from Cheshire, but has labelled it to be distinct from the rest of Cheshire, just like the ridings of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire are distinct from each other in their respective shires.

Process by which I created shaded relief for this map:

    1.       Generated a resampled, rescaled, and Unt16 TIFF image for use in Blender in QGIS

    a.       Download topographical data and merge into one file covering area.

    b.       Reproject TIFF to EPSG:27700 and clip by the map extents.

    c.       Resample TIFF to a lower resolution to avoid noise when rendering.

    d.       Rescale TIFF to a much greater scale to avoid terracing.

                                                                   i.      Formula: (“ReSampled TIFF” – minimum value) / (maximum value – minimum value) x 65535

    e.       Translate TIFF type to Unt16.

    2.       Generated PNG of hypsometric tint for use in Blender in QGIS, using same topography data as that used to generate the TIFF. Increase the contrast of this image to compensate for the darkening that occurs when rendering the TIFF atop the hypsometric tint in Blender.

    3.       Import Base Image as the base colour of a plane and translated TIFF into Blender with its colour corresponding to the displacement height of the plane’s material output (Midlevel 1.0 and Scale 0.3).

    4.       Import rendered image into Inkscape and lighten with the programme’s ‘filter’ function to compensate for the darkening that occurs when rendering the TIFF atop the hypsometric tint in Blender.

Notes on style…

    ·        Fonts:

    o   Book Antiqua. Serif font in bold used to label shires and, in italics, to label ridings and other regions of shires.

    o   Gill Sans MT. Sans-serif font used to label hundreds, as it is legible at a very small size.

    ·        General style:

    o   In this map, I scrapped elements that I previously used frequently, such as blurs underneath boundary lines and text, and text that curves following the projection’s longitude lines. This is to allow the very small text to remain as clear despite its tiny size.

This map is far too small to display what I wanted it to show. When I quickly realised I was running out of room to label literally thousands of internal divisions by hand, I switched to a numbering scheme with a key off to the side, at the minimum font I felt was legible. This is what led to the creation of the large chunks of text which offsets the visual balance of the page and makes scanning the map for a specific hundred or even glancing at the location of a hundred near impossible for the reader. Thus, I was forced to remove all hundred labels, leaving the map feeling empty and lacking in the information I wished it to show, and messing up the visual balance of the page by weighing it heavily towards the title and key. The decision to add shaded relief to the map only further added to the jumbled mess of thousands of labels and boundaries on the map.